{
  "schema_version": "china-indicator-history-v1",
  "source": "National Bureau of Statistics of China",
  "basis": "Official source-linked observations from published OBOR intelligence",
  "generated_at": "2026-10-26T04:40:02.022343+00:00",
  "indicators": [
    {
      "id": "pmi",
      "label": "Official manufacturing PMI",
      "unit": "index_points",
      "threshold": 50,
      "cadence": "monthly",
      "observations": [
        {
          "period": "2026-08",
          "value": 49.8,
          "source_url": "https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202609/t20260901_1965170.html",
          "analysis_url": "/signals/12-purchasing-managers-index-for-august-2026/",
          "published_at": "2026-09-01"
        },
        {
          "period": "2026-09",
          "value": 50.1,
          "source_url": "https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202610/t20261008_1965466.html",
          "analysis_url": "/signals/purchasing-managers-index-for-september-2026/",
          "published_at": "2026-10-08"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "industrial",
      "label": "Industrial production",
      "unit": "yoy_pct",
      "threshold": 0,
      "cadence": "monthly",
      "observations": [
        {
          "period": "2026-07",
          "value": 4.5,
          "source_url": "https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202608/t20260818_1965071.html",
          "analysis_url": "/signals/6-industrial-production-operation-in-july-2026/",
          "published_at": "2026-08-18"
        },
        {
          "period": "2026-08",
          "value": 5.2,
          "source_url": "https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202609/t20260917_1965348.html",
          "analysis_url": "/signals/1-industrial-production-operation-in-august-2026/",
          "published_at": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "period": "2026-09",
          "value": 5.5,
          "source_url": "https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202610/t20261020_1965665.html",
          "analysis_url": "/signals/china-industrial-output-grew-5-5-year-over-year-in-september-2026/",
          "published_at": "2026-10-20"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "retail",
      "label": "Retail sales",
      "unit": "yoy_pct",
      "threshold": 0,
      "cadence": "monthly",
      "observations": [
        {
          "period": "2026-07",
          "value": 0.6,
          "source_url": "https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202608/t20260819_1965078.html",
          "analysis_url": "/signals/9-total-retail-sales-of-consumer-goods-from-january-to-july-2026/",
          "published_at": "2026-08-19"
        },
        {
          "period": "2026-08",
          "value": 0.4,
          "source_url": "https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202609/t20260916_1965341.html",
          "analysis_url": "/signals/4-total-retail-sales-of-consumer-goods-from-january-to-august-2026/",
          "published_at": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "period": "2026-09",
          "value": 1.1,
          "source_url": "https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202610/t20261020_1965662.html",
          "analysis_url": "/signals/china-retail-sales-grew-1-1-year-over-year-in-september/",
          "published_at": "2026-10-20"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "scope_note": "Only source-observed monthly readings are published. PMI is index points, not percent; industrial production and retail sales are year-on-year growth rates. Differences between successive growth rates are percentage points, not month-on-month changes in the underlying economic output. Missing reporting months remain gaps; Chinese conditions do not establish Canadian business outcomes."
}